Prominent Rulers
1. Shashtadeva-2
Shashtadeva-2 was the son and successor of
his father Guhalladeva-1. The guddikutti stone inscription of his son-
Jaykeshi-1 gives him the title "Mahamandaleshwara" or feudatory of
the chalukya king, Jaisimha. His latest date is known from his Ganadevi inscription,
dated 1042AD.
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| Rulers of goa |
Shashtadeva was an ambitious
ruler and was ruling over chaandramandal. And therefore, came into clash with
the Shilaharas of Konkan. The shilahara king, Vajada seems to have settled his
dispute with the Kdambas by offering Shashtadeva-2 his daughter in marriage. In
the mean time, Konkan was invaded by Parmar king-Bhoj, around 1020AD.
Arikesari, the son of Vajada, the shilahara king waas forced to accept the
supremacy of Parmar king. After the Bhoj ruler occupied Konkan, king Jaisimha
of Kalyani chalukyas after defeating of Cholas, turned towards the Konkan and
annexed the possessions of Goa shilaharas.
Also Read: Sources of history of Goa
Also Read: Outstanding Dynasties
According to kharepattan plates, he marched towards the north from his capital Chandrapur, annexed south-konkan from kolhapur shilaharas and took north-konkan from Thana shilaharas. The story of this conquest is stored in Narendra inscription of Jaykeshi-2, dated 1125AD,the Degamve inscriptions of Shivachittapermadideva, dated 1175AD.
The Thana shilahara king-Mamuri treated Sshashtadeva-2 with great
respect and gave him his daughter in marriage along with 5lakhs worth gold as
dowry. We learn from his records that, Shashadeva paid veneration to Mahalaxmi
of Kolhapur, lord Mahabaleshwar of Gokarna and lord Somnath of Saurashtra.
During his camapaign to north-Konkan and Kolhapur, he visited these dieties and
distributed wealth and made donations to worthy people. Thus, it appears that
the jurisdiction extended from west coast of India, i.e. from Saurashtra to
North-Canara and the shilaharas of Thana of Kolhapur were subjeted to his
authority. It is written that, he often made pilgrimage to Somnath. He was
married to Akadevi, sister of Chalukya king Jaisimha.
It is clear that, Shashtadeva-2
was a great ruler as his father had been. And, all te inscriptions of Kadambas
speak very highly about him and pay him rich tributes.
The records say that, he levied
tribute from Barbarian tribes. The Goa charter of Jaykeshi-1 speaks of
Shashtadeva as claiming tribute from sea ports such as Symbulla, Sylla an Mega.
Under the fatherly care of such a prince, the city of Goa grew and prospered.
Encouraged by Shashtadeva-2, trades from all countries flocked to his emporium.
The Narendra inscription of
Jaykeshi-2 gives description of cities of Goa, with its palaces and gardens,
beatifully laid out, its well-connected bazaars and white-plasted houses with
its horse's stables and Harlot's quarters. The city of Goa must have presented
magnificent spectacle.
2. Jaykeshi-1
It appears from the Curtorim grant of
Virvarmadeva, which is recently discovered, states that, Virvarmadeva-the
second son of Shashtadeva-2 and elder brother of Jaykeshi-1, succeeded his
father to the throne of Kadambas. Later on, he perhaps died without an issue
and therefore, Jaykeshi-1 succeeded him. It also appears from the Curtorim
grant that, it was Virvarmadeva who shifted Kadamba capital from Chandrapur or
Chandor to Gopakapattan or Goa Velha.
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| Rulers of goa |
The earliest date of
Jaykeshi-1 is 1052AD. and is contained in the Guddikutti inscription. There are
2 more copper plate grants in Jaykeshi's name: one is the Gopaka grant of
1053AD. and Raia stone inscription of 1071AD. It is stated in
"Vikramankadevacharita", the biography of Vikramaditya-6(written by
court poet- Bilhana), that Jaykeshi-1 married his daughter to chalukyan emperor
Vikramaditya-6 in 1076AD.
Jaykeshi-1 was famous for his
navy. He had longest route, with a strong fleet at Velakula. The fort of Gopaka
on bank of river Aghanashini was established in 1052AD. It waa earlier maritime
commercial settlement of "Jajika" Arabs during time of Shilaharas.
Chadama, the Arab leader who
commanded merchant fleet, was appointed governor of the city by Jaykeshi-1. The
commercial prosperity of Gopakapattan under Jaykeshi-1 is attested by the fact
that, it had trade relations with no less than 14countries: Kayata, Sumatra,
Gauda, Pusht, Zungarant, Chanda, Pandya, Keralas, Latas and Gujaras.
Jaykeshi-1 was worthy son of a
great father. We have it in his own copper plate inscription that, many
princess and lords of others ports and cities paid homage to him. He was always
ready at the head of his powerful navy to fight enemy vessels. The importance
of the navy as an arm of warefare have realised in the reign of Shashtadeva-2,
who used it with great advantage to subjugate the northern shilaharas. It
appears that, Jaykeshi-1 made his navy efficient and it is not strange that,
before long, he made his power felt by the neighbouring kings. From the degamve
innscription of Shivachittapermadideva, we know that, Jaykeshi killed the king
of Kopardikadiva(Konkan). This king is identified as king Mamuri of
Northern-shilaharas, was killed in 1095AD. The inscription further says that,
Jaykeshi-1 marched to the Lata kingdom in Gujarat and killed the pride of best
of the Latas. Jaykesi uprooted king Kamadeva who was Pandya king. Jaykeshi had
contest with a powerful rival, this appears in a virgal found at Raia. It
records the death of a commander, Hdavala Devarijobarana, who was the
administrator of southern division of Goa-kadambas, whose capital was
Vellapuram(Velli).
Jaykeshi-1 probably directed
him to deal with the situation and on his death took the field himself, and won
decesive victory over his enemies. We are told that, Jaykeshi-1 destroyed the
Cholas. Narendra inscription tells us that, Jaykesi-1 defeated the Cholas who
had attacked the Chalukyas. In this war, the Chalukyas suffered a few reverses
at the outset. It is very likely that, the Chalukya king was helped by his
feudatory, Jaykeshi-1.
Kirhalsige stone
inscription(1186-87) states that, Jaykeshi made the Chalukyas and Cholas to
become friends at Kanchi. Another achievememt of Jykeshi-1 is that, he
established the Chalukya king in his kingdom. Bilhana tells us that, soon after
leaving Kanchi, Vikramaditya-6 recieved the news that hsi father-in-law waas
dead, and there was revolution in the Chola kingdom. He marched to Kanchi and
installed his brotehr-in-law on throne of Kanchi. But, the moment he returned
back to Tungabhadra, he heard that, his brother-in-law also lost his life in a
fresh rebellion. And, the hroje of Kanchi was occupied by the Raja of Vengi in
the war that followed Vikramaditya overcome the situation. The inscriptions
tells us that, Jaykeshi-1 conquered Alupas and Pallavas. The las t
accomplishment of Jaykeshi was that, he conquered and subdued the outer
Kadambas.
The enormous influence of
Jaykeshi-1 can be realised from the dynastic marriages that were concluded
between the Kadambas and other royal families of that time. In 1026AD. one of
his daughters was married to Vikramaditya-6. Another daughter, Minaldevi was
married to Karna-1of Gujarat. Jaykeshi developed the city of Gopakapattan as
the capital of his kingdom.
3. Jaykeshi-2
Jaykeshi-2 was an illustrous son of
Vijayaditya who ascended the throne in 1104AD. as yuvraj ruling along with his
uncle till the latter's death in 1125AD. The Gollihalli stone inscription of
his son Shivachittapermadideva dated 1162AD. gives him a high sounding title
"Konkan-chakravarti" or lord of Konkanand further states that, he
aimed at high position from the beginning of his reign.
Vikramaditya-6, the chalukya
overlord of Kadambas had become old and his feudatory-the Hoysala
king,Vishnuvardhan challenged his supremacy and carried on a campaign against
him from 1170AD. onwards. The Hoysala's inflicted a severe defeat on the
Chalukyas. This was again a signal for the other feudatories of the Chalukyas
to rise in revolt against them and try to throw out their sovereignity. The Goa
Kadamaba king Jaykeshi followed their footstep and declared himself
independent.
The invasion of the Hoysala's,
however did not cause any lasting injury to the Chalukyas. Vikramaditya
commanded his loyal feudatory , the Sind chieftain Achugi-2 to procceed against
the rebelluous mahamandleshwaras. Vishnuwardhan suffered great defeat at the
hands of Achugi-2. Records state that, Achugi-2 gave Gove and Upinakatte to the
flames. Thus, the attempt Jaykeshi-2 to establish his independence ended in a
failure. Vikramaditya seem to have genuine admiration for Jaykeshi-2 on account
of his noble like qualities. Therefore, he made peace with Goa-kadambas by
offering his daughter, Mailadevi to Jaykeshi-2 in marriage, to strenghthen the
allaince against the Hoysala's.
4. Shivacchitta Permadideva
Shivachitta permadideva succeeded his
father's kingdom from 1147-1148AD. The Kadamaba inscription of this period
shows that, Vijayaditya was shortly associated with him in the governance of
the dominion with the title of "yuvraj" .
Permadideva married
Kamaladevi, the daughter of Kamadeva, the Pandya king. Kamladevi is described
as the "chief queen among his wives, the centre of his love, the object of
his respect, 'Rohini' alone is more cherished by the moon than the other
stars." Kamladevi was a generous queen. She was responsible for the spread
of learning among her subjects. It was for ths reason that, she along with her
husband established a number of Agraharas and Brahmapuras [centres of learning]
in many parts of Kadamba kingdom. In this Agraharas, a number of subjects like, Vedas, Vedangas, Shaddarshanas, Smritis, Itihas, Puranas were taught besides
astronomy.
The property of the Agraharas
was divided into shares, the income from which was utilised for different
purposes. Kamladevi was responsible for establishment of many temples in the
kingdom. We have it on record that, she built small temples decorated, with
elegant carvings, in the honor of the god Kalnarayana and goddess Mahalaxmi at
Degamve. The records describe Permadideva as a monarchbof ourstanding
abilities, 'mankind knew him as a board of learning lustre, pruduce,
sportiveness, benvelance, of valour and of kingly fortune, of bravery, of
spotless famenand above all others, husband of a lovely woman', says the Halsi
inscription.
Another inscription of his
nephew, Jaykeshi-3 summarizes that, 'he was beautiful on account of a dancing
creeper, of his fame in all ten quarters, that he was woeshipped from jewels,
sat in he crown of the kings'. There is a little exaggertion i thus account, is
obvious from the fact that, Kadambas still counted aming their territorries
what they have lost earlier.
Permadideva was referred as,
"pacchimsamudradhipati", which is evidence of the fact that, Kadambas
retained their supremacy over the sea. Permadideva ruled as a feudatory of the
Chalukyas and remained loyal and faithful to them till their downfall in
1156AD. On the overthrow of the Chalukyas, however Permadideva declared himself
independent and styled himself, 'Konkan Chakravarti'. In 1181, the Kalachuris,
who replaced Chalukyas in the Deccan, turned their attention to the Kadambas of
Goa. It seems, probably, Permadideva died at this time without leaving the
kingdom to his brother Vishnuchitta.
The Kalachuri inscription
tells us that, one if his "dandanayaka" conquered Goa Kadambas and burned
their teritorries. However, later the Kalachurs and Hoysalas entered into a
fight and neiter of them were able to undertake any more operations against the
Goa-kadambas.
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