Dynasties Of Ancient Goa
1.Konkan Mauryas:
The Mauryas were placed incharge of the apparent Konkan by
their masters, the Kalachuris. There are 2 copper plate grants of the konkan
Mauryas found in Goa territory:
We learn from the Aihole inscriptions of Pulkeshi-2 dated
643AD. that, the king’s father Kirtivarman expelled the Mauryas who were ruling
in south-konkan by 578AD. and his brother Mangalesha uprooted them from
north-konkan by 7thcent. AD.
2. Chalukyas of Badami
There are 8 copper plate grants
of Chalukya emperor of Badami, extending over 200years from 578-750AD. Some of
them are dated in the well-known Sakasamvat, and thus, with the Chalukyas of
Badami, we enter into a more definite period of ancient history of Goa. One of
the records of beginning of reign of emperor Pulkeshin-2 is reported to have
been found in Goa itself, dated 610AD. and the other seven are found at Nerur
near Kudal in Sawantwadi, Ratnagiri district on the northern border of Goa.
3. Shilaharas in Goa
After the supperssion of the sovereignity of Badami chalukyas, the Rashtrakuta
monarchs lay down the foundation of their imperial dynasty in
1753AD. The Rashtrakuta ruled over the Deccan and Konkan over 250 years from
753 to 973AD. Their seat of power was Malkhed, which is 90miles south-west
of Sholapur in Maharashtra. Rashtrakutas were overthrowned by the Chalukyas of
Kalyani in about 980 AD. and the supremacy of the Deccan went into the hands of
old masters. The Rashtrakutas and Chalukyas of Kalyani looked upon Konkan as
their feudatory province and only the Shilaharas and later the Kadambas of Goa
ruled over Konkan from local place.
Shanaphulla, the founder of the
Goa-Shilahara obtained the lordship over the territory between the sea-coast
and the Shayadris by the favour of is suzerain, Krishna-1 Rashtrakuta. The
modern Goa-Velha or the Gopakapattan of the Kadambas in Tiswadi taluka might
have been his capital under Shanaphulla. It is named Gomantdurga in the grant
of Kolhapur Shilahara king.
Rattaraja took advantage of the
weakness of emperor Vikramaditya-5 of the Kalayani cgalukyas and declared
himself independent. Rattaraja ruled over Goa from 995 to 1020AD. It appears
that, career of Goa-shilaharas came to an end within 15years of that date.
Jai-simha-2, the brother of Chalukyan emperor Vikramaditya-5 invaded Konkan in
1024AD. and overthrew the ruler of South-konkan and confiscated all his
property/possessions. Thus, ended the career of the Goa shilaharas, who ruled
for about 250years. In Goa.
The civil war between the two
houses of Shilaharas i.e. Kolhapur and Thana, over the supremacy of whole
Konkan facilitated the conquest of Konkan by kadamba king- Shashtadeva-2. The southern-Konkan was annexed to their
territory by the Kadambas and the northern-Konkan seems to restored to
Chittaraja on his accepting the Kadamba supremacy.
Also read: Sources for study of history of Goa
Also read: Visionary Rulers
4. Kadambas of Goa
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| Kadamba architecture |
The
Kadambas ruled over Goa and south-Konkan as Mahamandaleshwaras, feudatories of
the Chalukyas king of Kalyani in 1973 to 11162AD. and later of Yadavas of Devgiri. The Goa-Kadambas originally came
from Banavasi, the Ancient capital of early Kadambas. Taking the benefit of the
disturbed political situation in the deccan, the Goa Kadambas seems to have
settle themselves by the end of 10th Cent. In the Halsi district,
which comprises of the southern-part of the Belgaum district, specially
Khanapur taluka, situated on the southern border of Goa, before finding place
in the Chandramandal of Goa.
The ancient city of the Bhojas, Chandrapur or modern Chandor on the bank of river Paroda was their early capital during the period of
expansion to Konkan. The capital was later shifted to Gopakapattan on the bank
of river Zuari by Virvaramadeva, who was son of Shashtadeva-2 in about 1049AD.,
and his defence by sea in 1052AD. Thereafter, Halsi remained as one of their
minor capitals.
They styled themselves as Banavasipuravardhishware, i.e.
supreme lord of Banavasi, the best of towns. They used simhalanchan(lion
crest), which appears on the seals of theircopper plate records and also on
their coins. They carried Vanardhwaja(monkey banner) and were heralded by the
sounds of the musical instrument called, “peramatti” Their family god was
Saptakoteshwar and goddess Chamunda.
Shashtadeva or Kantakacharya referred to the records of Goa
kadambas, seems to be the founder of Goa-Kadamba dynasty, that the ancestors of
Goa Kadamba were also at this time, sufficiently powerful, this is confirmed by
the Marcel plates of Shashtadeva-2, which shows that, they were the “men of
consequence”. The earliest of these chieftains, according to this documents
speaks about Kantakacharya, it says – ‘his fame went even beyond 7centuries,
that he had installed many distressed kings and that, he was well-known for his
wealth and heroism.
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| Tambdi surla goa |
Nagavarman, his son and successor was a learned in vedas and
political science and deserved praise even from the kings. Guhalladeva-1, who
succeeded Nagavarman seems to have enjoyed greater power than was exercised
either by his father or grand-father. The records compare him to Arjuna, as if
by way of illustrating his valour says that, “He killed a tiger bare-handed and
got a title “waghmari”
This dynasties played major role in Goa’s ancient history of
Goa. Also in building a base for it’s administration and scenic beauty that Goa
today witnesses and boasts about. These dynasties have even led to a number of
charity works during their reign, due to which their names names are still
embedded in the pages of history that portray them as heroes. As far as ancient
dynasties are concerned, they don’t have much impact on the food habits of
Goans in present times.
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